1

Crop Production and Management

1.1 Agricultural practices

1.2 Basic practices of crop production

1.3 Preparation of soil

1.4 Sowing

1.5 Adding manure and fertilizers

1.6 Irrigation

1.7 Protection from weeds

1.8 Harvesting

1.9 Storage

2

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

2.1 Microorganisms

2.2 Where do microorganisms live

2.3 Microorganisms and us

2.4 Harmful microorganisms

2.5 Food preservation

2.6 Nitrogen fixation

2.7 Nitrogen cycle

3

Coal and Petroleum

3.1 Coal, 3.2 Petroleum

3.3 Natural gas

3.4 Some natural resources are limited

4

Combustion and Flame

4.1 What is combustion

4.2 How do we control fire

4.3 Types of combustion

4.4 Flame

4.5 Structure of a flame

4.6 What is fuel

4.7 Fuel efficiency

5

Conservation of Plants and Animals

5.1 Deforestation and its causes

5.2 Consequences of deforestation

5.3 Conservation of forest and wildlife

5.4 Biosphere reserve

5.5 Flora and fauna

5.6 Endemic species

5.7 Wildlife sanctuary

5.8 National park

5.9 Red data book

5.10 Migration

5.11 Recycling of paper

5.12 Reforestation

6

Reproduction in Animals

6.1 Modes of reproduction, 6.2 Sexual reproduction, 6.3 Asexual reproduction

7

Reaching the Age of Adolescence

7.1 Adolescence and puberty

7.2 Changes at puberty increase height

7.3 Secondary sexual characters

7.4 Role of Hormones in initiating reproductive function

7.5 Reproductive phase of life in humans

7.6 How is the sex of the baby determined

7.7 Hormones other than sex hormones

7.8 Role of hormones in completing the life history of insects and frogs

7.9 Reproductive health

8

Force and Pressure

8.1 Force – A push or a pull

8.2 Forces are due to an interaction

8.3 Exploring forces

8.4 A force can change the state of motion

8.5 Force can change the shape of an object

8.6 Contact forces muscular force

8.7 Non-contact forces, magnetic force

8.8 Pressure

8.9 The pressure exerted by liquids and gases

8.10 Atmospheric pressure

9

Friction

9.1 Force of friction

9.2 Factors affecting friction

9.3 Friction: a necessary evil

9.4 Increasing and reducing friction

9.5 Wheels reduce friction

9.6 Fluid friction

10

Sound

10.1 Sound is produced by a vibrating body

10.2 The sound produced by humans

10.3 Sound needs a medium for propagation

10.4 We hear sound through our ears

10.5 Amplitude, period, and frequency of a vibration

10.6 Audible and inaudible sounds

10.7 Noise and music

10.8 Noise pollution

11

Chemical Effects of Electric Current

11.1 Do liquids conduct electricity?

11.2 Chemical effects of electric current

11.3 Electroplating

12

Some Natural Phenomena

12.1 Lightning

12.2 Charging by rubbing

12.3 Types of Charges and their interaction

12.4 Transfer of charge

12.5 The Story of Lightning

12.6 Lightning safety

12.7 Earthquakes

13

Light

13.1 What makes things visible

13.2 Laws of reflection

13.3 Regular and diffused reflection

13.4 Reflection light can be reflected again

13.5 Multiple images

13.6 Sunlight – white or coloured

13.7 What is inside our eyes?

13.8 Care of the eyes

13.9 Visually impaired persons can read and write

13.10 What is the Braille system?

Chapters

Topics

Rational Numbers

Properties of Rational Numbers

Commutativity

Associativity

Negative of a number

Reciprocal

Distributivity of multiplication over addition for rational numbers

Representation of Rational Numbers on the Number Line

Rational Numbers between Two Rational Numbers

Linear Equations in One Variable

Solving Equations which have Linear Expressions on one Side and Numbers on the Other Side

Solving Equations having the Variable on both Sides

Applications

Reducing Equations to Simpler Form

Equations Reducible to the Linear Form

Understanding Quadrilaterals

Polygons

Sum of the Measures of the Exterior Angles of a Polygon

Kinds of Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram

A rectangle

A square

Data Handling

Looking for Information

Organising Data

Grouping Data

Circle Graph or Pie Chart

Chance and Probability

Squares and Square Roots

Properties of Square Numbers

Finding the Square of a Number

Pythagorean triplets

Square Roots

Finding square root through prime factorisation

Square Roots of Decimals

Estimating Square Root

Cubes and Cube Roots

Cubes

Cube Roots

Cube root of a cube number

Comparing Quantities

Ratios and Percentages

Finding the Increase or Decrease percent

Finding Discounts

Prices Related to Buying and Selling (Profit and Loss)

Sales Tax/Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax

Compound Interest

Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest

Rate Compounded Annually or Half Yearly (Semi-Annually)

Applications of Compound Interest Formula

Algebraic Expressions and Identities

Terms

Factors and Coefficients

Monomials

Binomials and Polynomials

Like and Unlike Terms

Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions:

What is an Identity

Standard Identities

Applying Identities

Mensuration

Area of Trapezium

Area of a General Quadrilateral, Area of a Polygon

Solid Shapes, Cuboid, Cube, Cylinders, Volume of Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder, Volume and Capacity

Exponents and Powers

Powers with Negative Exponents

Laws of Exponents

Use of Exponents to Express Small Numbers in Standard Form

Direct and Inverse Proportions

Direct Proportion

Inverse Proportion

Factorization

What is Factorisation

Division of Algebraic Expressions

Division of Algebraic Expressions Continued (Polynomial ÷ Polynomial)

Introduction to Graphs

A Bar graph

A Pie graph (or a circle-graph)

A histogram

A line graph

Linear Graphs